Realise par Abderrahim Qanir
To put the question on the prospects of Morocco, and carry a glance about its future, one is fatally Icd to consider the question's relation with development and modernity. That's to say, the capacity of the Moroccan society to define a type of development adapted to, the challenges of the third millennium around which a national consensus could be organized. It is also to put the question of social interactions; the respective role-play of economical, social and political actors. Actually, it's also a debate of importance because the Moroccan society, which has known deep transfers and is subjected to new restraints, is invited to consider an identity built through a rather ambiguous
Report with modernity falling under a mode of relations where it alters the attractive phases and the repulsive ones. Today, while modernization of the economy and its multiform opening on the global market with its implacable laws of a critical competitivity being accompanied with a questioning of traditional balances; whereas, society is threatened more deeply and rigidly. Hence, two questions are raised. On the one hand, can the Moroccan society produce a new social order which falls under the world dynamics without being repudiated? On the other hand, under which modality - rupture with past, the reform of the traditional system, the production of a social order which deviates from the nostalgia and the tradition or prefers the adulation of modernity at the same time - can this evolution be carried out?
The Moroccan model, which is built in an alternance of advance and retreat, is presented in the form of an expression of dualism between tradition and modernity. Even the country's identity is forged by both exterior acceptance and rejection. The question today is to know if Morocco has to be changed by keeping
Its identity. Such proper identity will bring an economical progress with a social cohesion. However, it is faced by four fundamental stakes.
1- The first stake consists of finding the path to an ever lasting and strong growth. The Moroccan economy which has known a versatile evolution will face a triple challenge; creating jobs for the work force in a rapid expansion (3%YEARS) modernisating the productive system and strengthen its efficiency to make it face the international competitivity, and building a model which gets rid of the guaranteed income that affect the country's economy and Constitute a true interference to the establishment of an efficient and performing system.
2- The second stake has to go into the conciliation between economical progress and social cohesion. Morocco is actually invited to make from the efficiency of the economy a successful one and reduce the social inequality in a context characterized by a rarity of resources and the presence of a demographic press ion due to the youthful population. While, the rapid social mutations which is stemmed from the youthful population, the rapid urbanization, the relative development of the middle c1ass, the appearance of new social categories (businessmen, organized women etc. . ) will have important consequences on the social and economical plan: an increase in social needs ( health , accommodation, education etc...) a growth in investments ' needs ( for creating jobs) , development of political requirements ( right of -association and organization and human rights etc...)
3- The third one considers the transition from a system whose values are hierarchical and communal (authoritarian) into a liberal and individualistic model (solidary). Although The growth of the country's material values are so poor and vulnerable to the c1imatic conditions asked by the social inequality , it might turn into a growing tension between a technocratic and modern vision and the nostalgia of a period 'idealized' by a backward-Looking and ~ retrograde speech. If until the present time tradition and modernity get on relatively well and if the social fracture is so deep , the confrontation will be possible in the future .It is to be feared that.
Emancipation, liberation and modernization values will only clash values of primary conservatism, set traditionalism and the rejects of overture and novelty.
If the(' present frustrations ( of the population as a great part) is maintained or increased and if the inspiration of a material type aroused by the consumption model which is taking place and can't find way to its realization , and if in a general way the improvement of the population increases , the social cohesion will be seriously started on . The values of communal solidarity which will serve (and still serving in some areas) social depreciation are disappearing. They are supplanted by the individualism and 'every man for him' which condemn the exclusion of every one without either work or resources. In these conditions, the tendencies for rejecting the model are likely to intensify without ignoring the extremist and nihilistic tendencies which are developing and manifesting in a violent manner.
4- The fourth challenge resides in the adaptation of the Moroccan economy towards the stakes of international competition. It is one of the heaviest tendencies which will act strongly on the Moroccan economy in the future and have relations with the exterior world. In fact, the rational integration which restricts Morocco to have relations with the exterior world will develop to a structural integration where the country's position will be determined by the Place which it occupies in the 'global chain of added values. Everyone indicates that for the coming years the economy of Morocco will be invited to integrate at its equation the weight of the extern factors which will operate in a fundamental rupture with past behaviours. This requirement makes Morocco in front of many challenges. And if it can't raise these challenges mainly the one of competitivity, it is not only the economy that will be menaced but the framework of society.
Ali these observations lead us to question the ability of society and its decision makers to define a project of development adapted to the current challenges. This suppose a better identification of the advantages and the dr;1\\'hncks of t the economy and the Moroccan society.
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